Clinics in Liver Disease The Liver and Renal Disease 2022 Original pdf May

The relationship between the kidney and the liver in disease is important for clinicians to recognize and understand. Liver disease, both mild and especially cirrhosis of any cause, can lead to the development of kidney disease. Chronic hepatitis B and C can lead to the development of significant glomerular disease. The presence of portal hypertension and ascites can lead to vasoconstriction of the renal vessels, causing hepatorenal syndrome, which can rapidly lead to renal failure and the need for renal replacement therapy. Formerly termed hepatorenal syndrome 1 and 2, this condition has recently been reclassified as hepatorenal–acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome–chronic kidney disease. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management strategies, including new therapies, of both forms of the hepatorenal syndrome are discussed.